Introduction
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 is one of the most iconic and widely-produced supersonic jet fighters in aviation history. Developed by the Soviet Union in the 1950s, the MiG-21 became a staple of numerous air forces around the world, including India, where it continues to serve in limited roles even today.
Its affordability, speed, and versatility made it the backbone of several air forces during the Cold War era and beyond. India’s variant, the MiG-21 Bison, represents one of the most advanced versions of the aircraft.
Historical Significance
- The MiG-21 first flew in 1955 and entered service in 1959.
- Over 11,000 units were produced, making it the most produced supersonic aircraft in history.
- Served in over 60 countries, witnessing multiple wars and conflicts.
- In India, it was inducted in 1963 and saw action in the 1965, 1971, and Kargil War (1999).
- The MiG-21 Bison upgrade extended the aircraft’s life and improved its avionics and combat capabilities.
Major Achievements
- Credited with several air-to-air kills during conflicts, including India-Pakistan wars.
- Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman flew a MiG-21 Bison during the 2019 Balakot air strike aftermath, famously downing a Pakistani F-16.
- Set multiple aviation records during its service, including being one of the first successful supersonic interceptors.
- Played a pivotal role in shaping air force doctrines across the developing world.
MiG-21 Specifications (MiG-21 Bison Variant)
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau (Russia) |
| In Service (India) | Since 1963 (Bison upgrade in 2000s) |
| Crew | 1 (Pilot) |
| Length | 14.7 m (48.3 ft) |
| Wingspan | 7.15 m (23.5 ft) |
| Height | 4.1 m (13.5 ft) |
| Empty Weight | 5,320 kg |
| Max Takeoff Weight | 9,800 kg |
| Powerplant | 1 × Tumansky R-25-300 turbojet engine |
| Thrust | 15,650 lbf with afterburner |
| Max Speed | Mach 2.05 (2,175 km/h at altitude) |
| Combat Radius | 370 km |
| Ferry Range | 1,500 km with drop tanks |
| Service Ceiling | 17,500 m (57,400 ft) |
| Armament | 1× 23mm GSh-23 cannon, R-73 and R-77 missiles, bombs |
| Radar System | Phazotron Kopyo pulse-Doppler radar (Bison variant) |
| Avionics | Modern HUD, data-link, RWR, jamming pods (Bison variant) |
Conclusion
Despite its vintage origins, the MiG-21 remains an aviation legend. It has served as a symbol of power, speed, and adaptability for decades. Though now nearing the end of its service life, especially in India, the aircraft’s legacy will continue through its unmatched historical and combat record.
